I learnt in the clip that the ice has little bubbles in it and sciensts can test it and see what the temprature was like 100 years ago and for some reason it is still there. I also learnt that when the sun beats down on the ocean surface the water turns into water vapour and the vapour rises up and turns into clouds.

When heat appilies to ice it melts to liquid water. With continuous heating the liquid water changes to vapour (gas) the liquid water boiled. Then condenstion formed on the glass.